FAQ

We can provide mill certs for any steel product. Please inquire with one of our experts, and they will send you the mill cert.

To calculate the weight of a steel plate, we use this equation: thickness x width x length x 0.2836 (which is the weight of the steel in pounds).

Steel is another form of iron alloy, but with a significantly lower carbon content than Wrought Iron or Cast Iron. Steel comes in many different grades each designed to perform a certain task under varied working conditions. They can be grouped into four general classes of steels: carbon, alloy, tool, and stainless.

Carbon steel usually contains less than 1% carbon, making it softer and easier to form. It is also known as low carbon or mild steel. If a carbon steel has more than 1% carbon, it is classified as high carbon or cast iron, and tend to be hard and brittle. Carbon steels are used in many everyday products such as car bodies, ship hulls, steel cans, and more.

Alloy steels contain iron and carbon, and other alloys such as copper, chromium, manganese, nickel, vanadium. These alloys make the steel stronger, tougher and more durable than carbon steels. Alloy steels are used for shot blast cabinets or truck box liners, armor plating, grizzlies, screens, and more.

Tool steels contain iron and carbon, and other alloys such as nickel, molybdenum or tungsten. Tool steels are used to make tools (for example, punching, cutting, drilling), dies and machine parts.

Stainless steels also contain iron and carbon, and a high amount of chromium and nickel, which resists corrosion and other chemical reactions. They are the most well-known steel, since they’re used to make everyday items such as cutlery, scissors and medical equipment.

When it comes to steel, the term “work hardening” refers to the process of making the surface of steel harder by subjecting it to mechanical forces such as impact or compression while it is in service. The more impact and hammering, the harder the surface becomes. This is known as “Work-Hardening”. Plus, it remains ductile underneath, making it an effective steel in combating both impact and abrasion.

TRIP is an acronym for “transformation induced  plasticity” and may also be called TRIP steels.

At the end of heat treatment, Austenite has been transformed into Martensite, resulting in an increase in strength, ductility, and overall hardness of the steel. In other words, as more force is applied to the steel, the harder and more ductile it becomes.

It’s similar to catching a baseball. If you let your hand “give a little” when catching the ball (similar to a trampoline), it would reduce the damage to your hand. This is the TRIP effect of ENDURA and ENDURA Dual, when rocks, gravel and other abrasive materials crash into it. It is also why these 2 wear steels last longer than other brands.

HARDNESS is a measure of the steel’s resistance to penetration, gouging, and tearing. It is usually measured and rated in either the Brinell or Rockwell scale of hardness.

HARDENABILITY describes and refers to 2 different concepts. The first is the steel’s ability to be hardened by Heat Treatment (i.e. quenching and tempering). The second is the steel’s ability to become harder and harder with impact while “working”. This is usually referred to as “Work Hardening”.

There are two types of strength that are important to steel: tensile strength and yield strength. Tensile strength is the amount of force that the steel can withstand before it breaks. Yield strength is the amount of force that the steel can withstand before it starts to deform permanently. Both tensile and yield strength are affected by the steel’s composition, heat treatment, and microstructure.

The typical uses of manganese steel are in mining, quarrying, recycling, and demolition.

Here are some examples where manganese steel can be used for:

• Quarries and construction: jaw crushers, grizzly, chain guide plate, shovel bucket
• Mines: bucket blade of loader, parts of chain conveyor, sprocket-wheel
• Cement plants: chain extractor
• Scrap/recover plants: wheel disk, striker and hammer mill
• Iron industry: guide and shift plates, scrap container liners, shot-blast units, wear liners
• Automotive industry: shot-blasting equipment

Manganese steel is available in a variety of forms, such as hot rolled plate, bars, shapes, and castings.

Depending on the amount of impact, manganese steel surface can work-harden up to 550 Brinell.

High manganese steel, when under impact, work-hardens quickly. Due to its low friction property, it takes on a smooth polish. It also retains its great toughness.

ENDURA steel has a metallurgical phenomenon recognized as the TRIP Effect (Transformation Induced by Plasticity). This results from the spontaneous rearrangement of metallic atoms under pressure and stress. When rocks, gravel, and other abrasion materials crash into ENDURA steel, there’s great reduction in the damage because of the TRIP Effect.

ENDURA wear steels last longer than other brands because of the TRIP effect, chemistry, and homogeneous microstructure. This results in less downtime for you, and sometimes even a reduction in steel thickness so that you can increase your payload.

There are several advantages to ENDURA steel over other types of steel:

1. Best wear resistance of any abrasion-resistant plate
   • 8 times greater wear than mild steel
   • 2-4 times greater life than conventional 500 BHN steels
2. Reduce plate thickness up to 25% vs AR 500 (ie. 2″ -> 1.5″)
3. Ability to “Work Harden” from 470 BHN to 560 BHN
4. Ease of processing compared to conventional 500 BHN steels
5. Can be welded with Low Hydrogen Rod providing a major cost saving
6. No pre or post heating required for welding

ENDURA steel is best used in high-impact and high-wear applications. It is ideal for use in hammers, underground miners, screen decks, shaker screens, perforated wear screen, debarkers, bark conveyors, wood chippers, screens, and more. The high durability of ENDURA steel from Titus means it can be used in some of the harshest conditions with some of the toughest applications.

ENDURA steel will continue to work harden under impact, but the amount of deformation depends on the hardness of the steel and the amount of impact. Generally, the surface work-hardens from 470 to 560 Brinell (BHN) in most conditions.